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Names of the Irish state
There have been various names for the state that is today officially known as ''Ireland''. The state makes up almost five-sixths of the island of Ireland. Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, covers the rest of the island. When the state was created in 1922 it was named the ''Irish Free State''. In 1937 it adopted a new constitution which claimed all of Ireland as its territory, becoming ''Ireland'' in English and ''Éire'' in Irish, although the latter was often used in English too. In 1949 it declared itself a republic and adopted the term ''Republic of Ireland'' as its official description while keeping the name ''Ireland''.
The terms ''Republic of Ireland'' (''ROI''), ''the Republic'' or ''the South'' are often used when there is a need to distinguish the state from the island or when Northern Ireland (''NI'' or ''the North'') is being discussed. Some Irish republicans avoid calling the state ''Ireland'' because they view it as partitionist.
==Constitutional name==
Article 4 of the Constitution of Ireland, adopted in 1937, provides that "()he name of the State is ''Éire'', or, in the English language, ''Ireland''".〔The wording of Article 4 has been criticised. Early criticisms are discussed above More recently, in its report, the (Constitution Review Group ) in 1996 stated that that Article 4 was unnecessarily complicated and should be amended to read ''"The name of the State is Ireland"'' with an equivalent change in the Irish text.〕 Hence, the Irish state has two official names, ''Éire'' (in Irish) and ''Ireland'' (in English). For official purposes, including in international treaties and other legal documents, and where the language of the documents is English, the Irish government uses the name ''Ireland''. The same is true in respect of the name ''Éire'' for documents written in Irish. Similarly, the name of the state is reflected in its institutions and public offices. For example, there is a ''President of Ireland'' and a ''Constitution of Ireland''. The name ''Ireland'' is also used in the state's diplomatic relations with foreign nations and at meetings of the United Nations,〔United Nations Member States, http://www.un.org/en/members/〕 European Union,〔European Union Member States, http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/index_en.htm〕 Council of Europe,〔Council of Europe Member States, http://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/country-profiles〕 International Monetary Fund,〔IMF Countries, http://www.imf.org/external/country/index.htm#I〕 and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.〔OECD Countries, http://www.oecd.org/#countriesList〕
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